Which type of geological deposit is most closely associated with rare earths?

The correct association for rare earth elements (REEs) is with geological deposits like titaniferous magnetite deposits, which can host important concentrations of certain rare earth minerals. Rare earth elements are typically concentrated in specific types of mineral deposits, particularly in igneous sources or certain placer deposits. Titaniferous magnetite deposits are significant because they contain titanium minerals in addition to rare earth oxides.

Fissure veins of gold-quartz mainly contain precious metals like gold and do not generally host significant amounts of rare earth elements. Strata-bound uranium deposits focus on uranium minerals and do not typically intersect with significant rare earth concentrations. Shallow, low-temperature hydrothermal deposits may contribute to certain mineral resources but are not known for being key sources of rare earths.

Thus, the association of rare earth elements is more accurately tied to titaniferous magnetite deposits than to the other types listed.