Which geophysical technique would NOT be useful for investigating a massive sulfide ore body?

Seismic refraction is generally the least effective method for investigating massive sulfide ore bodies due to the characteristics of seismic waves and the physical properties of sulfide ores. Massive sulfide deposits are often characterized by their high density and low wave velocities compared to surrounding rock. While seismic methods are valuable in delineating large geological structures, they may struggle to resolve the specific features of a massive sulfide body because seismic waves respond more to variations in density and elastic properties.

In contrast, gravity surveys measure variations in gravitational pull caused by differences in density, making them suitable for identifying denser ore bodies. Induced polarization focuses on the electrical properties of rocks and is effective in highlighting the conductive nature of sulfide minerals. Resistivity is also relevant, as it measures how well a material resists electrical current, with massive sulfides typically displaying lower resistivity due to their conductive nature. Each of these techniques provides distinct advantages in exploring for massive sulfide deposits, while seismic refraction may not offer the same level of insight.