What type of rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma?

Igneous rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma. When magma, which is molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface, rises and cools either beneath the surface as intrusive igneous rock or on the surface as extrusive igneous rock, it solidifies to create igneous rock. This process occurs when the temperature decreases, causing the minerals within the magma to crystallize and form solid rock. Igneous rocks are characterized by their crystalline structure and are classified based on their mineral composition and texture.

Metamorphic rock, in contrast, originates from existing rocks that undergo alteration due to heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids but do not originate from magma. Sedimentary rock is formed through the accumulation and lithification of mineral and organic particles, often involving processes such as compaction and cementation, entirely unrelated to magma. Foliated rock refers specifically to a texture found in certain metamorphic rocks, highlighting the arrangement of minerals due to pressure rather than indicating the formation process from magma.