What type of geological feature is formed by the deposition of rock debris by a glacier?

A moraine is a type of geological feature that forms from the accumulation of sediment and rock debris that has been transported and deposited by a glacier. As glaciers advance and retreat, they pick up various materials from the ground, including clay, silt, sand, and larger boulders. When the glacier melts or retreats, this debris is left behind, forming ridges or mounds known as moraines.

Moraines can occur in several forms, such as lateral moraines along the sides of a glacier, terminal moraines at its snout, and recessional moraines that form during periods when the glacier temporarily stabilizes during its retreat. The distinct layering and composition of moraines can provide valuable information about past glacial movement and the environmental conditions during the time of their formation.

This concept is specifically related to glaciers and their processes, differentiating it from other features like deltas, which are formed by river sediment deposition at a river's mouth, alluvial fans formed by sediment deposition at the base of a mountain, and talus slopes, which accumulate from rockfall and weathering, often at the base of cliffs, rather than glacial activity.