What does the term "slump" refer to in geology?

The term "slump" in geology specifically refers to a type of mass wasting event characterized by the downward movement of soil or rock along a curved surface. This process often occurs when material becomes saturated with water, leading to reduced cohesion and stability. As the material moves, it typically detaches from its original position and slides downwards in a rotational manner, creating a distinctive curved slip surface.

The key features of a slump include the curvature of the movement path and the relatively rapid slide of soil or rock down a slope, often resulting in the formation of a scarp, or a cliff-like feature at the point of failure. This contrasts with other forms of mass wasting, such as landslides or creep, which may have different movement dynamics or surface characteristics.

Understanding the nuances of a slump is important in geological studies, particularly in relation to slope stability, land use planning, and predicting potential hazards in areas prone to mass wasting events.